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Math Coach Amy
Amy Ferguson Moncure

H Algebra 2/Trig · Unit 8

Counting Principle

Multiply the number of choices for each place. Watch for repeats and for a first digit that cannot be 0.

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Multiply the number of choices for each place.

If repeats are allowed, a place keeps all of its choices.

A first digit that cannot be 0 has 9 choices.

What to Remember

Multiply the choices

If the choices are made one after another, multiply how many options each place has.

Repeats and a first digit

If repeats are allowed, a place keeps its full list of options.

If the first digit cannot be 0, that place has 9 options, not 10.

Level 1

Easy

Repeats are allowed

Example
How many 4-digit codes can be made from the digits 0 through 9 if digits may repeat?

Repeats are allowed, so every place has the same number of choices.

10 × 10 × 10 × 10

10,000

Answer: 10,000

1
How many 3-digit codes can be made from the digits 0 through 9 if digits may repeat?
Show Answer

Repeats are allowed, so every place has the same number of choices.

10 × 10 × 10

1,000

Answer: 1,000

2
How many 5-digit codes can be made from the digits 0 through 9 if digits may repeat?
Show Answer

Repeats are allowed, so every place has the same number of choices.

10 × 10 × 10 × 10 × 10

100,000

Answer: 100,000

3
How many 2-letter codes can be made from 26 letters if letters may repeat?
Show Answer

Repeats are allowed, so every place has the same number of choices.

26 × 26

676

Answer: 676

4
A snack is 3 choices in a row, and each choice has 8 options. Repeats are allowed. How many snacks are possible?
Show Answer

Repeats are allowed, so every place has the same number of choices.

8 × 8 × 8

512

Answer: 512

5
How many 6-digit codes can be made from the digits 0 through 9 if digits may repeat?
Show Answer

Repeats are allowed, so every place has the same number of choices.

10 × 10 × 10 × 10 × 10 × 10

1,000,000

Answer: 1,000,000

Level 2

Medium

The first digit cannot be 0

Example
How many 5-digit numbers can be made if the first digit cannot be 0 and digits may repeat?

The first digit has 9 choices, 1 through 9.

Each later digit has 10 choices, 0 through 9, and repeats are allowed.

9 × 10 × 10 × 10 × 10

90,000

Answer: 90,000

1
How many 3-digit numbers can be made if the first digit cannot be 0 and digits may repeat?
Show Answer

The first digit has 9 choices, 1 through 9.

Each later digit has 10 choices, 0 through 9, and repeats are allowed.

9 × 10 × 10

900

Answer: 900

2
How many 4-digit numbers can be made if the first digit cannot be 0 and digits may repeat?
Show Answer

The first digit has 9 choices, 1 through 9.

Each later digit has 10 choices, 0 through 9, and repeats are allowed.

9 × 10 × 10 × 10

9,000

Answer: 9,000

3
How many 6-digit numbers can be made if the first digit cannot be 0 and digits may repeat?
Show Answer

The first digit has 9 choices, 1 through 9.

Each later digit has 10 choices, 0 through 9, and repeats are allowed.

9 × 10 × 10 × 10 × 10 × 10

900,000

Answer: 900,000

4
How many 2-digit numbers can be made if the first digit cannot be 0 and digits may repeat?
Show Answer

The first digit has 9 choices, 1 through 9.

Each later digit has 10 choices, 0 through 9, and repeats are allowed.

9 × 10

90

Answer: 90

5
How many 8-digit numbers can be made if the first digit cannot be 0 and digits may repeat?
Show Answer

The first digit has 9 choices, 1 through 9.

Each later digit has 10 choices, 0 through 9, and repeats are allowed.

9 × 10 × 10 × 10 × 10 × 10 × 10 × 10

90,000,000

Answer: 90,000,000

Level 3

Hard

No repeats, and the first digit cannot be 0

Example
How many 4-digit numbers can be made if the first digit cannot be 0 and no digit repeats?

The first digit has 9 choices, 1 through 9.

No digit repeats, and 0 is available after the first digit.

9 × 9 × 8 × 7

4,536

Answer: 4,536

1
How many 3-digit numbers can be made if the first digit cannot be 0 and no digit repeats?
Show Answer

The first digit has 9 choices, 1 through 9.

No digit repeats, and 0 is available after the first digit.

9 × 9 × 8

648

Answer: 648

2
How many 5-digit numbers can be made if the first digit cannot be 0 and no digit repeats?
Show Answer

The first digit has 9 choices, 1 through 9.

No digit repeats, and 0 is available after the first digit.

9 × 9 × 8 × 7 × 6

27,216

Answer: 27,216

3
How many 6-digit numbers can be made if the first digit cannot be 0 and no digit repeats?
Show Answer

The first digit has 9 choices, 1 through 9.

No digit repeats, and 0 is available after the first digit.

9 × 9 × 8 × 7 × 6 × 5

136,080

Answer: 136,080

4
A code is 2 different letters, from 26 letters, followed by 3 digits that may repeat. How many codes are possible?
Show Answer

The letters do not repeat.

26 × 25

Each digit has 10 choices, and digits may repeat.

10 × 10 × 10

26 × 25 × 10 × 10 × 10

650,000

Answer: 650,000

5
A code is 3 different letters, from 26 letters, followed by 2 different digits. How many codes are possible?
Show Answer

Nothing repeats inside the letters, and nothing repeats inside the digits.

26 × 25 × 24 × 10 × 9

1,404,000

Answer: 1,404,000

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